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Quanah Parker (Comanche ''kwana'' "smell, odor") (ca. 1845 or 1852 – February 23, 1911) was a Comanche/English-American from the Comanche band Quahadi ("Antelope-eaters"). Strictly related also to the Nokoni band ("Wanderers" or "Travellers") (his mother's people), he emerged as a dominant figure of the Comanche, particularly after the Comanches' final defeat. He was one of the last Comanche chiefs. The US appointed Quanah principal chief of the entire nation once the people had gathered on the reservation and later introduced general elections. Quanah was a Comanche chief, a leader in the Native American Church, and the last leader of the powerful Quahadi band before they surrendered their battle of the Great Plains and went to a reservation in Indian Territory. He was the son of Comanche chief Peta Nocona and Cynthia Ann Parker, an English-American, who had been kidnapped at the age of nine and assimilated into the tribe. Quanah Parker also led his people on the reservation, where he became a wealthy rancher and influential in Comanche and European American society. ==Early life and education== Quanah Parker's mother, Cynthia Ann Parker (born ca. 1827), was a member of the large Parker frontier family that settled in east Texas in the 1830s. She was captured in 1836 (at age nine) by Comanches during the raid of Fort Parker near present-day Groesbeck, Texas. Given the Native name ''Nadua'' (Someone Found), she was adopted into the Nokoni band of Comanches, as foster daughter of Tabby-nocca. Assimilated into the Comanche, Cynthia Ann Parker later married the warrior Peta Nocona, (also known as Noconie, Tah-con-ne-ah-pe-ah, or Nocona) ("Lone Wanderer").〔 His father was the renowned chief Iron Jacket (Puhihwikwasu'u), famous among the Comanche for wearing a Spanish coat of mail. Nadua and Nocona's first child was ''Quanah'', born in the Wichita Mountains of southwestern Oklahoma. Biographer Bill Neeley cites a letter Quanah wrote late in life to his friend, rancher Charles Goodnight, in which Quanah stated, “From the best information I have, I was born about 1850 on Elk Creek just below the Wichita Mountains.” Another account disputes the birthplace, contending that in 1911 Parker was seen traveling by automobile near Lubbock, Texas, telling observers he was going to visit what he understood to be his birthplace at Laguna Sabinas (Cedar Lake) in Gaines County, Texas.〔Clyde L. and Grace Jackson, Quanah Parker, Last Chief of the Comanches; a Study in Southwestern Frontier History, New York, Exposition Press () p. 23〕 Nadua and Nocona also had another son, ''Pecos'' (sometimes known as ''Peanuts''), and a daughter, ''Topsana'' (Prairie Flower). In December 1860, Nadua (Cynthia Ann) and Topsana were captured in the battle of Pease River, which actually took place along Mule Creek. American forces were led by Sgt. John Spangler, who commanded Company H of the U.S. 2nd Cavalry, and Texas Rangers under Lawrence Sullivan Ross (better known in Texas history as Sul Ross). Ross would claim that at the end of the battle, he hunted down Nocona, wounded him, and his Mexican servant killed him. It was believed that Quanah and his brother Pecos were the only two to have escaped on horseback, and were tracked by Ranger Charles Goodnight but were not found. These two later reunited with a larger group of Comanches camped further away. This would seem to be verified by accounts of Cynthia Ann desperately trying to find her children nearby and weeping over the body of the killed chief, identified as Nocona. Some, including Quanah Parker himself, claim this story is false and that he, his brother, and his father Peta Nocona were not at Mule Creek, that they were at the larger camp miles away, and that Nocona died years later of illness caused by wounds from battles with Apache. However, modern writers have questioned the authenticity of this. Meanwhile, Nadua (Cynthia Ann) and her daughter Topsana (Pararie Flower) were reunited with her white family; but after having made her life 24 years with the Comanche, she wanted to return to them. However, Topsana died of an illness in 1863. Cynthia Ann Parker died in 1870. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quanah Parker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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